Extraction of the Stone of Madness, by Hieronymous Bosch
Something for you to chew on...
Extraction of the Stone of Madness (detail), by Hieronymous Bosch
The lobotomy, as an actual surgical procedure, wasn't performed (legally) until 1935. The above painting was created by Hieronymous Bosch in the late 1400s, and the one below in the late 1500s.
A Surgeon Extracting the Stone of Folly, by Pieter Huys
As usual, artists are far ahead of the crowd...